1. Which of the following is the correct decision table for the following pseudocode for ordering a hamburger? Note: if you add or delete items from the basic burger, you no longer get the basic burger.

Start
Select basic burger
If customer adds items

While items to be added

Ask customer which item
Add item

End while

Endif
If customer deletes items

While items to be deleted

Ask customer which item
Delete item

End while

Endif
If customer wants fries

Add fries to order

Endif
Complete order
End

a.
b.
c.
d.

2. If test cases are derived from looking at the code, what type of test design technique is being used?a) Black-box
b) White-box
c) Specification-based
d) Behavior-based

Select ONE option.

3. Table 4.16 shows in its rows ALL valid transitions between states in the systemfor handling the login process. The system contains three states (Initial, Logging, Logged) and four possible events (Login, LoginOK, LoginError, Logout).

How many INVALID transitions are in this system?a) 8
b) 0
c) 4
d) 12

Choose one answer.

4. Customers of the TestWash car wash chain have cards with a record of the number of washes they have bought so far. The initial value is 0. After entering the car wash, the system increases the number on the card by one. This value represents the number of the current wash. Based on this number the system decides what discount the customer is entitled to.

For every tenth wash the system gives a 10% discount, and for every twentieth wash, the system gives a further 40% discount (i.e., a 50% discount in total).

Which of the following sets of input data (understood as the numbers of the current wash) achieves the highest equivalence partition coverage?a) 19, 20, 30
b) 11, 12, 20
c) 1, 10, 50
d) 10, 29, 30, 31

Select ONE option.

5. What is the MAIN difference between black-box test techniques and experience-based test techniques?a) The test object
b) The test level at which the test technique is used
c) The test basis
d) The software development lifecycle (SDLC) in which the test technique can be used

Select ONE option.

6. Users of the car wash have electronic cards that record how many times they have used the car wash so far. The car wash offers a promotion: every tenth wash is free.
You are testing the correctness of offering the promotion using a boundary value analysis technique.
What is the MINIMAL set of test cases that achieves 100% 2-value BVA coverage? The values in the answers indicate the number of the given (current) wash.a) 9, 10
b) 1, 9, 10
c) 1, 9, 10, 11
d) Required coverage cannot be achieved

Choose one answer.

7. The system assigns a discount for purchases depending on the amount of purchases expressed in $, which is a positive number with two decimal places. Purchases up to the amount of $99.99 do not entitle to a discount. Purchases from $100 to $299.99 entitle to a 5% discount. Purchases above $299.99 entitle to 10% discount.
Indicate the minimum set of values (given in $) to achieve 100% equivalence partitioning technique.a) 0.01; 100.99; 500.
b) 99.99; 100; 299.99; 300.
c) 1; 99; 299.
d) 0; 5; 10.

Choose one answer.

8. The user defines the password by entering it in the text field and clicking the “Confirm” button. By default, the text field is blank at the beginning. The system considers the password format correct if the password has at least 6 characters and no more than 11 characters. You identified three equivalence partitions: password too short, password length OK, and password too long. The existing test cases represent
a minimum set of test cases achieving 100% 2-value BVA coverage. The test manager decided that due to the criticality of the component under test, your tests should achieve 100% 3-value BVA coverage.
Passwords of what lengths should be ADDITIONALLY tested to achieve the required coverage?a) 5, 12
b) 0, 5, 12
c) 4, 7, 10
d) 1, 4, 7, 10, 13

Choose one answer.

9. The business rule for borrowing books in the university library system states that a reader can borrow new books if the following two conditions are met together:
• The time of the longest held book does not exceed 30 days.
• After borrowing, the total number of borrowed books will not exceed five books for a student and ten books for a professor.
The team is to implement a user story for this requirement. The story is created using the ATDD framework, and the following acceptance criteria are written as examples in the Given/When/Then format:
Given has already borrowed of books
And the time of the longest held book is days
When user wants to borrow new books
Then the system to loan the books
Examples:

How many of the above four test cases are INCORRECTLY defined, i.e., they violate the business rules of book lending?a) None—they all follow the business rule.
b) One.
c) Two.
d) Three.

10. You create a full decision table that has the following conditions and actions:
• Condition “age”—possible values: (1) up to 18; (2) 19–40; (3) 41 or more.
• Condition “place of residence”—possible values: (1) city; (2) village.
• Condition “monthly salary”—possible values: (1) up to $4000; (2) $4001 or more.
• Action “grant credit”—possible values: (1) YES; (2) NO.
• Action “offer credit insurance”—possible values: (1) YES; (2) NO.
How many columns will the full decision table have for this problem?a) 6
b) 11
c) 12
d) 48

Choose one answer.

11. You are testing a card management system that entitles you to discounts on purchases. There are four types of cards, regular, silver, gold, and diamond, and three possible discounts: 5%, 10%, and 15%. You use the equivalence partitioning technique to test whether the system works correctly for all types of cards and all possible discounts. You already have the following test cases prepared:
TC1: regular card, discount: 10%
TC2: silver card, discount: 15%
TC3: gold card, discount: 15%
TC4: silver card, discount: 10%
What is the LEAST number of test cases you have to ADDITIONALLY prepare to achieve 100% “each choice” coverage of both card types and discount types?a) 1
b) 3
c) 2
d) 8

Choose one answer.

12. During an iteration planning meeting, the team shares thoughts with each other about the user story. The product owner wants the customer to have a single-screen form for entering information. The developer explains that this feature has some technical limitations, related to the amount of information that can be captured on the screen.
Which of the following BEST represents the continuation of writing this user story?a)  The tester decides that the form must fit on the screen and describes this as one of the acceptance criteria for the story, since the tester will be the one to conduct acceptance tests later.
b) The tester listens to the points of view of the product owner and the developer and creates two acceptance tests for each of the two proposed solutions.
c) The tester advises the developer that the performance acceptance criteria should be based on a standard: a maximum of 1 second per data record. The developer describes this as one of the acceptance criteria, since the developer is responsible  for the application’s performance.
d) The tester negotiates with the developer and the product owner the amount of necessary input information, and together they decide to reduce this information to the most important to fit on the screen.

Choose one answer.

13. How is statement coverage determined?a) Number of test decision points divided by the number of test cases
b) Number of branches tested divided by the total number of executable statements
c) Number of possible test case outcomes divided by the total number of function points
d) Number of executable statements tested divided by the total number of executable statements

Select ONE option.

14. You are working on a project to develop a system to analyze driving test results. You have been asked to design test cases based on the following decision table.

What test data will show that there are contradictory rules in the decision table?a) C1 = T, C2 = T, C3 = F
b) C1 = T, C2 = F, C3 = T
c) C1 = T, C2 = T, C3 = T and C1 = F, C2 = T, C3 = T
d) C1 = F, C2 = F, C3 = F

Select ONE option.

15. Consider the following user story:

As an Editor
I want to review content before it is published
so that I can assure the grammar is correct

and its acceptance criteria:

- The user can log in to the content management system with "Editor" role
- The editor can view existing content pages
- The editor can edit the page content
- The editor can add markup comments
- The editor can save changes
- The editor can reassign to the "content owner" role to make updates

Which of the following is the BEST example of an ATDD test for this user story?a) Test if the editor can save the document after edit the page content
b) Test if the content owner can log in and make updates to the content
c) Test if the editor can schedule the edited content for publication
d) Test if the editor can reassign to another editor to make updates

Select ONE option.

16. Which of the following is a good reason to use experience-based testing?a) You can find defects that might be missed by more formal techniques
b) You can test for defects that only experienced users would encounter
c) You can target the developer’s efforts to the areas that users will be more likely to use
d) It is supported by strong tools and can be automated

Select ONE option.

17. You are testing a temperature control system for a horticultural cold storage facility. The system receives the temperature (in full degrees Celsius) as the input. If the temperature is between 0 and 2 degrees inclusive, the system displays the message “temperature OK”. For lower temperatures, the system displays the message "temperature too low" and for higher temperatures it displays the message “temperature too high”.

Using two-value boundary value analysis, which of the following sets of test inputs provides the highest level of boundary value coverage?a) –1, 3
b) 0, 2
c) –1, 0, 2, 3
d) –2, 0, 2, 4

Select ONE option.

18. Your team analyzes the following user story in order to define the acceptance criteria:

As a registered customer, I want to be able to view my previous orders on the company's website, so that I can keep track of my purchases.

Which of the following test cases will NOT be relevant for this user story?a) Input: the customer logs into their account on the website and clicks the “see order history” button
Expected output: the system shows a list of all the customer’s previous orders, including the date, order number, and total cost

b) Input: the customer clicks on an order from the order list
Expected output: the system displays the individual items purchased, along with their prices and quantities

c) Input: the customer clicks “Sort ascending” button on the order history screen
Expected output: the system shows the order history sorted by order number in ascending order

d) Input: an unregistered customer registers as a new customer with a valid e-mail address that does not already exist in the customer database
Expected output: the system accepts the registration and creates the account

Select ONE option.

19. You are testing an e-commerce transaction that has the following states and transitions:

1. Login (invalid) > Login
2. Login > Search
3. Search > Search
4. Search > Shopping Cart
5. Shopping Cart > Search
6. Shopping Cart > Checkout
7. Checkout > Search
8. Checkout > Logout

For a state transition diagram, how many transitions should be shown?a. 4
b. 6
c. 8
d. 16

20. W A developer was asked to implement the following business rule:

INPUT: value (integer number)
IF (value ≤ 100 OR value ≥ 200) THEN write “value incorrect”
ELSE write “value OK”

You design the test cases using 2-value boundary value analysis.

Which of the following sets of test inputs achieves the greatest coverage?a) 100, 150, 200, 201
b) 99, 100, 200, 201
c) 98, 99, 100, 101
d) 101, 150, 199, 200

Select ONE option.

21. You are designing test cases based on the following state transition diagram:

What is the MINIMUM number of test cases required to achieve 100% valid transitions coverage?a) 3
b) 2
c) 5
d) 6

Select ONE option.

22. You are creating test cases for the following story, applying the ATDD approach.

As a hotel owner
I want to reserve all the rooms on a floor before moving to the next floor
So I can maximize the efficiency of the housekeeping staff

You have decided to apply boundary value analysis to this requirement and have identified the following partitions for the occupancy of a floor:

0 | 1 - floor full | overbooked

You also want to be sure that the software is usable by the staff and that it performs quickly in determining which floors have availability.

You have designed the following test cases:

1. Test with 1 occupant on the floor
2. Test with the floor full and ensure the next floor is made available for bookings
3. Test with 0 occupants on the floor and ensure that floor is only available when lower floors are fully booked
4. Test the usability to ensure hotel staff will find the software usable
5. Test for response time when the system is at average load and the hotel is 80% occupied

What are you missing?a. A test with a floor partially occupied but not fully occupied
b. A test for performance
c. A test for trying to assign someone to a floor that is full
d. A test for usability

23. Which of the following test techniques uses the requirements specifications as a test basis?a) Structure-based
b) Black-box
c) White-box
d) Exploratory

Select ONE option.

24. Consider the following list:

•  Correct input not accepted
•  Incorrect input accepted
•  Wrong output format
•  Division by zero

What test technique is MOST PROBABLY used by the tester who uses this list when performing testing?a) Exploratory testing
b) Fault attack
c) Checklist-based testing
d) Boundary value analysis

Select ONE option.

25. Consider the following acceptance criteria for a user story written from the perspective of an online
store owner.

Given that the user is logged in and on the homepage,
When the user clicks on the "Add Item" button,
Then the "Create Item" form should appear,
And the user should be able to input a name and price for the new
item.

In what format is this acceptance criteria written?a) Rule-oriented
b) Scenario-oriented
c) Product-oriented
d) Process-oriented

Select ONE option.

26. Which of the following is true about exploratory testing?a) Test cases are designed before the exploratory testing session starts
b) The tester can perform test execution, but cannot perform test design
c) Exploratory testing results are good predictors of the number of remaining defects
d) During exploratory testing the tester may use black-box test techniques

Select ONE option.

27. You are applying state transition testing to the hotel room reservation system modeled by the following state transition table, with 4 states and 5 different events:

Assuming all test cases start in the ‘Requesting’ state, which of the following test cases, represented as sequences of events, achieves the highest valid transitions coverage?a) NotAvailable, Available, ChangeRoom, NotAvailable, Cancel
b) Available, ChangeRoom, NotAvailable, Available, Pay
c) Available, ChangeRoom, Available, ChangeRoom, NotAvailable
d) NotAvailable, Cancel, ChangeRoom, Available, Pay

Select ONE option.

28. The business analyst prepared a minimized decision table (Table 4.15) to describe the business rules for granting free bus rides. However, the decision table is flawed.
Which of the following test cases, representing combinations of conditions, shows that the business rules in this decision table are CONTRADICTORY?a) Member of parliament = YES, disabled = NO, student = YES.
b) Member of parliament = YES, disabled = YES, student = NO.
c) Member of parliament = NO, disabled = NO, student = YES.
d) Member of parliament = NO, disabled = NO, student = NO.

Choose one answer.

29. Let the branch coverage metric be defined as BCov = (X / Y) * 100%.What do X and Y represent in this formula?a) X = number of decision outcomes exercised by the test cases

Y = total number of decision outcomes in the code

b) X = number of conditional branches exercised by the test cases

Y = total number of branches in the code

c) X = number of branches exercised by the test cases

Y = total number of branches in the code

d) X = number of conditional branches exercised by the test cases

Y = total number of decision outcomes in the code

Select ONE option.

30. Which of the following is a characteristic of experience-based test techniques?a) Test cases are created based on detailed design information
b) Items tested within the interface code section are used to measure coverage
c) The techniques heavily rely on the tester’s knowledge of the software and the business domain
d) The test cases are used to identify deviations from the requirements

Select ONE option.

31. When using the 3 C’s technique for user story development, what is the work product that is created for the Confirmation aspect?a) Test Approach
b) Acceptance Criteria
c) Entry Criteria
d) Exit Criteria

Select ONE option.

32. You are testing a simplified apartment search form which has only two search criteria:

- floor (with three possible options: ground floor; first floor; second or higher floor)
- garden type (with three possible options: no garden; small garden; large garden)

Only apartments on the ground floor have gardens. The form has a built-in validation mechanism that will not allow you to use the search criteria which violate this rule.
Each test has two input values: floor and garden type. You want to apply equivalence partitioning (EP) to cover each floor and each garden type in your tests.

What is the minimal number of test cases to achieve 100% EP coverage?a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6

Select ONE option

33. Which of the following BEST fits as an element of the checklist used in checklist-based testing?a) “The developer made an error when implementing the code”
b) “The achieved statement coverage exceeds 85%”
c) “The program works correctly regarding functional and non-functional requirements”
d) “The error messages are written in language that the user can understand”

Select ONE option.

34. You are testing a thermostat for a heating/air conditioning system. You have been given the following requirements:
• When the temperature is below 70 degrees, turn on the heating system
• When the temperature is above 75 degrees, turn on the air conditioning system
• When the temperature is between 70 and 75 degrees, inclusive, turn on fan only

Which of the following is the minimum set of test temperature values to achieve 100% two-value boundary value analysis coverage?a) 70, 75
b) 65, 72, 80
c) 69, 70, 75, 76
d) 70, 71, 74, 75, 76

Select ONE option.

35. Which collaborative user story writing practice enables the team to achieve a collective understanding of what needs to be delivered?a) Planning poker, so that a team can achieve consensus on the effort needed to implement a user story
b) Reviews, so that a team can detect inconsistencies and contradictions in a user story
c) Iteration planning, so that user stories with the highest business value for a customer can be prioritized for implementation
d) Conversation, so that team members can understand how the software will be used

Select ONE option.

36. You are using acceptance test-driven development and designing test cases based on the following user story:

As a Regular or Special user, I want to be able to use my electronic floor card, to access specific floors.
Acceptance Criteria:
AC1: Regular users have access to floors 1 to 3
AC2: Floor 4 is only accessible to Special users
AC3: Special users have all the access rights of Regular users

Which test case is the MOST reasonable one to test AC3?a) Check that a Regular user can access floors 1 and 3
b) Check that a Regular user cannot access floor 4
c) Check that a Special user can access floor 5
d) Check that a Special user can access floors 1, 2 and

Select ONE option.

37. Which of the following is NOT true for white-box testing?a) During white-box testing the entire software implementation is considered
b) White-box coverage metrics can help identify additional tests to increase code coverage
c) White-box test techniques can be used in static testing
d) White-box testing can help identify gaps in requirements implementation

Select ONE option.

38. Figure 4.17 shows a state transition diagram for a certain system.
What is the MINIMAL number of test cases that will achieve 100% valid transitions coverage? 

a) 2
b) 3
c) 6
d) 7

Choose one answer.

39. Your favorite bicycle daily rental store has just introduced a new Customer Relationship Management system and asked you, one of their most loyal members, to test it.

The implemented features are as follows:

•  Anyone can rent a bicycle, but members receive a 20% discount
•  However, if the return deadline is missed, the discount is no longer available
•  After 15 rentals, members get a gift: a T-Shirt

Decision table describing the implemented features looks as follows:

Based ONLY on the feature description of the Customer Relationship Management system, which of the above rules describes an impossible situation?a) R4
b) R2
c) R6
d) R8

Select ONE option

40. You are working on a project with very tight deadlines. The code is being developed but is not yet executable. What type of testing could you apply that would help find defects now?a) Black-box
b) White-box
c) Experience-based
d) Factor-based

Select ONE option.

41. Which TWO of the following statements provide the BEST rationale for using exploratory testing?a) Testers have not been allocated enough time for test design and test execution
b) The existing test strategy requires that testers use formal, black-box test techniques
c) The specification is written in a formal language that can be processed by a tool
d) Testers are the members of an agile team and have good programming skills
e) Testers are experienced in the business domain and have good analytical skills

Select TWO options.

42. You want to apply branch testing to the code represented by the following control flow graph.

How many coverage items do you need to test?a) 2
b) 4
c) 8
d) 7

Select ONE option.

43. You are writing some acceptance criteria for a story. You have decided to make a list of all the likely inputs to the code and the expected outputs based on those inputs. What format are you using?a) IPO chart
b) Acceptance-based
c) Rules-oriented
d) Behavior-driven

Select ONE option.

44. If you are testing a module of code, how do you determine the level of branch coverage you have achieved?a) By taking the number of branches you have tested and dividing that by the total number of executable statements in the module
b) By taking the number of branches you have tested and dividing that by the total number of branches in the module
c) By taking the number of branches you have tested and dividing that by the total lines of code in the module
d) By taking the number of branches you have tested and dividing that by the total number of test cases you have executed for the module

Select ONE option.

45. The coffee vending machine accepts 25c, 50c, and $1 coins. The coffee costs 75c.
After inserting the first coin, the machine waits until the amount of coins inserted by the user is equal to or greater than 75c. When this happens, the coin slot is blocked, coffee is dispensed, and (if necessary) change is given. Assume that machine has always sufficient numbers and denominations of coins to give change. Consider the following test scenarios:
Scenario 1:
Insert coins in order: 25c, 25c, 25c.
Expected behavior: vending machine dispenses coffee and no change.
Scenario 2:
Insert coins in order: 25c, 50c.
Expected behavior: vending machine dispenses coffee and no change.
Scenario 3:
Insert $1 coin.
Expected behavior: vending machine dispenses coffee and 25c change.
Scenario 4:
Insert coins in order: 25c, 25c, 50c.
Expected behavior: vending machine dispenses coffee and 25c change.
You want to check whether the machine actually gives change when the user has inserted coins for more than 75c and whether it gives no change at all if the user has inserted exactly 75c.
Which of these scenarios represent the minimum set of test cases that achieves this goal?a) Scenario 1, Scenario 2.
b) Scenario 3, Scenario 4.
c) Scenario 1, Scenario 3.
d) Scenario 1, Scenario 2, Scenario 3.

Choose one answer.

46. Your test suite S for a program P achieves 100% statement coverage. It consists of three test cases, each of which achieves 50% statement coverage.

Which of the following statements is CORRECT?a) Executing S will cause all possible failures in P
b) S achieves 100% branch coverage for P
c) Every executable statement in P containing a defect has been run at least once during the execution of S
d) After removing one test case from S, the remaining two test cases will still achieve 100% statement coverage

Select ONE option.

47. Which of the following statements BEST describes the difference between decision table testing and branch testing?a) In decision table testing, the test cases are derived from the decision statements in the code. In branch testing, the test cases are derived from knowledge of the control flow of the test object.
b) In decision table testing, the test cases are derived from the specification that describes the business logic. In branch testing the test cases are based on anticipation of potential defects in the source code.
c) In decision table testing, the test cases are derived from knowledge of the control flow of the test object. In branch testing, test cases are derived from the specification that describes the business logic.
d) In decision table testing, the test cases are independent of how the software is implemented. In branch testing, test cases can be created only after the design or implementation of the code.

Select ONE option.

48. A storage system can store up to three elements and is modeled by the following state transition diagram. The variable N represents the number of currently stored elements.

Which of the following test cases, represented as sequences of events, achieves the highest level of valid transitions coverage?a) Add, Remove, Add, Add, Add
b) Add, Add, Add, Add, Remove, Remove
c) Add, Add, Add, Remove, Remove
d) Add, Add, Add, Remove, Add

Select ONE option.

49. What benefit can be achieved by using checklist-based testing?a) Appreciation of nonfunctional testing, which is often undervalued
b) Enabling accurate code coverage measurement.
c) Leveraging the tester’s expertise.
d) Improved test consistency.

Choose one answer.

50. What is error guessing?a) A testing technique used to guess where a developer is likely to have made a mistake
b) A technique used for assessing defect metrics
c) A development technique to verify that all error paths have been coded
d) A planning technique used to anticipate likely schedule variances due to faults

Select ONE option.

51. The following decision table contains the rules for determining the risk of atherosclerosis.

You designed the test cases with the following test input data:

TC1: Cholesterol = 125 mg/dl        Blood pressure = 141 mm Hg
TC2: Cholesterol = 200 mg/dl      Blood pressure = 201 mm Hg
TC3: Cholesterol = 124 mg/dl       Blood pressure = 201 mm Hg
TC4: Cholesterol = 109 mg/dl       Blood pressure = 200 mm Hg
TC5: Cholesterol = 201 mg/dl       Blood pressure = 140 mm Hg

What is the decision table coverage achieved by these test cases?a) 40%
b) 60%
c) 80%
d) 100%

Select ONE option.

52. Which of the following provides the BEST example of a scenario-oriented acceptance criterion?a) The application must allow users to delete their account and all associated data upon request
b) When a customer adds an item to their cart and proceeds to checkout, they should be prompted to log in or create an account if they haven’t already done so
c) IF (contain(product(23).Name, cart.products())) THEN return FALSE
d) The website must comply with the ICT Accessibility 508 Standards and ensure that all content is accessible to users with disabilities

Select ONE option.

53. The tester uses the following document to design the test cases:
1. Occurrence of an arithmetic error caused by dividing by zero.
2. Occurrence of a rounding error.
3. Forcing a negative value result.
What technique does the tester use?a) Boundary value analysis.
b) Checklist-based testing.
c) Use case based testing.
d) Error guessing

Choose one answer.

54. The system for selling cinema tickets calculates the discount type based on the client’s birth year (BY) and on the current year (CY) as follows:

Let D be the difference between CY and BY, that is, D = CY – BY

• If D < 0 then print the error message “birth year cannot be greater than current year”
• If 0 ≤ D < 18 then apply the student discount
• If 18 ≤ D < 65 then apply no discount
• If D ≥ 65 then apply the pensioner discount

Your test suite already contains two test cases:

• BY = 1990, CY = 2020, expected result: no discount
• BY = 2030, CY = 2029, expected result: print the error message

Which of the following test data sets should be added to achieve full valid equivalence partitioning coverage for the discount type?a) BY = 2001, CY = 2065
b) BY = 1900, CY = 1965
c) BY = 1965, CY = 1900
d) BY = 2011, CY = 2029
e) BY = 2000, CY = 2000

Select TWO options.

55. Consider a simple program of three statements (assume that statements 1 and 2 take nonnegative integers (0, 1, 2, etc.) and that these statements will always execute correctly):
1. Get the input value x
2. Get the input value y
3. Return x + y
How many test cases are needed to achieve 100% branch coverage in this code and why?a) Two test cases are needed, because one should test the situation where the returned value is be 0, and the other should test the situation where the returned value is a positive number.
b) There is no need to run any tests, because branch coverage for this code is satisfied by definition, since the program consists of a sequential passage of three statements and there are no conditional branches to test.
c) One test case is needed with arbitrary input values x and y, because each test will result in the execution of the same path covering all branches.
d) It is impossible to achieve branch coverage with a finite number of test cases, because to do so, we would have to force all possible values of the sum of x+y in statement 3, which is infeasible.

Choose one answer.

56. You have been given the following requirement:
A user must log in to the system with a valid username and password. If they fail to enter the correct combination three times, they will receive an error and will have to wait 10 minutes before trying again. The test terminates when the user successfully logs in.

How many test cases are needed to provide 100% state transition coverage?a. 1
b. 2
c. 4
d. 5

57. Why does white-box testing facilitate defect detection even when the software specification is vague, outdated or incomplete?a) Test cases are designed based on the structure of the test object rather than the specification
b) For each white-box test technique the coverage can be well-defined and easily measured
c) White-box test techniques are very well designed to detect omissions in the requirements
d) White-box test techniques can be used in both static testing and dynamic testing

Select ONE option.

58. Which of the following is NOT anticipated by the tester while applying error guessing?a) The developer misunderstood the formula in the user story for calculating the interest
b) The developer wrote “FA = A*(1+IR^N)” instead of “FA = A*(1+IR)^N” in the source code
c) The developer missed the seminar on new compound interest rate legislation
d) The accuracy of the interest calculated by the system is not precise enough

Select ONE option.

59. Your test suite achieved 100% statement coverage. What is the consequence of this fact?a) Each instruction in the code that contains a defect has been executed at least once
b) Any test suite containing more test cases than your test suite will also achieve 100% statement coverage
c) Each path in the code has been executed at least once
d) Every combination of input values has been tested at least once

Select ONE option.

60. You are testing a system that calculates the final course grade for a given student.
The final grade is assigned based on the final result, according to the following rules:

•  0 – 50 points: failed
•  51 – 60 points: fair
•  61 – 70 points: satisfactory
•  71 – 80 points: good
•  81 – 90 points: very good
•  91 – 100 points: excellent

You have prepared the following set of test cases:

What is the 2-value Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) coverage for the final result that is achieved with the existing test cases?a) 50%
b) 60%
c) 33.3%
d) 100%

Select ONE option.

61. Which of the following BEST describes the benefit of using white-box test techniques?a) The ability to detect defects when specifications are incomplete.
b) The ability of developers to perform tests, as these techniques require programming skills.
c) Making sure tests achieve 100% coverage of any black-box technique, as this is implied by achieving 100% code coverage.
d) Better residual risk level control in code, as it is directly related to measures such as statement coverage and branch coverage.

Choose one answer.

62. If you have a section of code that has one simple IF statement, how many tests will be needed to achieve 100% branch coverage?a) 1
b) 2
c) 5
d) Unknown with this information

Select ONE option.

63. How can white-box testing be useful in support of black-box testing?a) White-box coverage measures can help testers evaluate black-box tests in terms of the code coverage achieved by these black-box tests
b) White-box coverage analysis can help testers identify unreachable fragments of the source code
c) Branch testing subsumes black-box test techniques, so achieving full branch coverage guarantees achieving full coverage of any black-box technique
d) White-box test techniques can provide coverage items for black-box techniques

Select ONE option.

64. Which of the following BEST describes the way acceptance criteria can be documented?a) Performing retrospectives to determine the actual needs of the stakeholders regarding a given user story
b) Using the given/when/then format to describe an example test condition related to a given user story
c) Using verbal communication to reduce the risk of misunderstanding the acceptance criteria by others
d) Documenting risks related to a given user story in a test plan to facilitate the risk-based testing of a given user story

Select ONE option.

65. You are testing a form that verifies the correctness of the length of the password given as input.
The form accepts a password with the correct length and rejects a password that is too short or too long. The password length is correct if it has between 6 and 12 characters inclusive. Otherwise, it is considered incorrect.

At first, the form is empty (password length = 0). You apply boundary value analysis to the “password length” variable.
Your set of test cases achieves 100% 2-value boundary value coverage. The team decided that due to the high risk of this component, test cases should be added to ensure 100% 3-value boundary value coverage.

Which additional password lengths should be tested to achieve this?a) 4, 5, 13, 14
b) 7, 11
c) 1, 5, 13
d) 1, 4, 7, 11, 14

Select ONE option.

66. After test execution, your test cases achieved 100% statement coverage. Which of the following statements describes the correct consequence of this fact?a) 100% branch coverage is achieved.
b) Every logical value of every decision in the code was exercised.
c) Every possible output that the program under test can return was enforced.
d) Each statement containing a defect was exercised.

Choose one answer.

67. Which of the following BEST describes the concept behind error guessing?a) Error guessing involves using your knowledge and experience of defects found in the past and typical errors made by developers
b) Error guessing involves using your personal experience of development and the errors you made as a developer
c) Error guessing requires you to imagine that you are the user of the test object and to guess errors the user could make interacting with it
d) Error guessing requires you to rapidly duplicate the development task to identify the sort of errors a developer might make

Select ONE option.

68. When exploratory testing is conducted using time-boxing and test charters, what is it called?a) Schedule-based testing
b) Session-based testing
c) Risk-based testing
d) Formal chartering

Select ONE option.

69. In your project there has been a delay in the release of a brand-new application and test execution started late, but you have very detailed domain knowledge and good analytical skills. The full list of requirements has not yet been shared with the team, but management is asking for some test results to be presented.

Which test technique fits BEST in this situation?a) Checklist-based testing
b) Error guessing
c) Exploratory testing
d) Branch testing

Select ONE option.

70. If you are using error guessing to target your testing, which type of testing are you doing?a) Specification-based
b) Structure-based
c) Experience-based
d) Reference-based

Select ONE option.

71. You have just started designing test cases for the following user story.

As a customer,
I want to be able to filter search results by price range, so that I can find products within my budget more easily.

Acceptance criteria:
1. The filter should work for all versions of the application from version 3.0 upwards
2. The filter should allow the customer to set a price range with a minimum and a maximum price
3. The search results should update dynamically as the customer adjusts the price range filter

In all test cases the precondition is as follows: there are only two products available, products A and B. Product A costs $100 and product B costs $110.

Which of the following is the BEST example of a test case for this user story?a) Enter webpage and set filter to show prices between $90 and $100.
Expected result: results show product A only. Set maximum price to $110. Expected result: results now include both products A and B
b) Enter webpage. Expected result: the default minimum and maximum prices are $100 and $110 respectively. Add product C to stock, with price $120. Refresh the client’s webpage.
Expected result: the default maximum price changes to $120
c) Enter webpage and set filter to show prices between $90 and $115. Expected result: results show both products A and B. Change currency from USD to EUR.
Expected result: the filter range changes correctly to EUR values, according to the current exchange rate
d) Enter webpage with three different browsers: Edge, Chrome and Opera. In each browser set filter between $90 and $110.
Expected result: results include both products A and B and the results layout is the same in all three browsers

Select ONE option.

72. Which of the following BEST describes how using checklist-based testing can result in increased coverage?a) Checklist items can be defined at a sufficiently low level of detail, so the tester can implement and execute detailed test cases based on these items
b) Checklists can be automated, so each time an automated test execution covers the checklist items, it results in additional coverage
c) Each checklist item should be tested separately and independently, so the elements cover different areas of the software
d) Two testers designing and executing tests based on the same high-level checklist items will typically perform the testing in slightly different ways

Select ONE option

73. You are testing a machine that scores exam papers and assigns grades. Based on the score achieved the grades are as follows: 1-49 = F, 50-59 = D-, 60-69 = D, 70-79 = C, 80-89 =B, 90-100=AIf you apply equivalence partitioning, how many test cases will you need to achieve minimum test coverage?a) 6
b) 8
c) 10
d) 12

Select ONE option.

74. Which of the following is the correct sentence regarding the use of formal (i.e., black-box and white-box) test techniques as part of a session-based exploratory testing?a) All formal test techniques are allowed, because exploratory testing does not impose any specific method of operation.
b) All formal test techniques are forbidden, because exploratory testing is based on tester’s knowledge, skills, intuition, and experience.
c) All formal test techniques are forbidden, because the steps performed in exploratory testing are not planned in advance.
d) All formal test techniques are allowed, because an exploratory tester needs a test basis from which to derive test cases.

Choose one answer.

75. You are testing a PIN validator, which accepts valid PINs and rejects invalid PINs. A PIN is a sequence of digits. A PIN is valid if it consists of four digits, at least two of which are different. You have identified the following valid equivalence partitions:

Variable: PIN code length

The partition “length correct” - four-digit PINs
The partition “length incorrect” - PINs with length other than 4

Variable: Number of different digits

The partition “number of different digits correct” - PINs with at least two different digits
The partition “number of different digits incorrect” - PINs with all digits being the same

Which of the following is a MINIMUM set of input test data that covers all identified equivalence partitions?a) 1234, 12345, 1
b) 111, 1111, 1112
c) 1, 1234
d) 12345, 1234

Select ONE option.

76. Consider the following user story:
As a potential customer of the e-shop, I want to be able to register by filling out the registration form,
so that I am able to use the full functionality of the e-shop.
Which TWO of the following are examples of testable acceptance criteria for this story?a) The process of carrying out registration must take place quickly enough.
b) After registration, the user has access to the “home ordering” function.
c) The system refuses registration if the user enters as a login an e-mail already existing in the database.
d) The system operator can send the order placed by the user for processing.
e) Acceptance criteria for this user story should be in Given/When/Then format.

Select TWO answers

77. You are testing a banking application that allows a customer to withdraw 20, 100 or 500 dollars in a single transaction. The values are chosen from a drop-down list and no other values may be entered.

How many equivalence partitions need to be tested to achieve 100% equivalence partition coverage?a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Select ONE option.

78. Test design, test implementation, and test execution based on software input domain analysis are an example of:a) White-box test technique.
b) Black-box test technique.
c) Experience-based test technique.
d) Static testing technique.

Choose one answer.

79. You perform system testing of an e-commerce web application and are provided with the following requirement:

REQ 05-017. If the total cost of purchases exceeds $100, the customer gets a 5% discount on subsequent purchases.
Otherwise, the customer does not receive a discount.

Which test techniques will be MOST helpful in designing test cases based on this requirement?a) White-box test techniques
b) Black-box test techniques
c) Experience-based test techniques
d) Risk-based test techniques

Select ONE option.

80. You are designing test cases based on the following decision table.

So far you have designed the following test cases:

• TC1: 19-year-old, unregistered man with no experience;
  expected result: category A
• TC2: 65-year-old, unregistered woman with 5 years of experience;
  expected result: category B
• TC3: 66-year-old, registered man with no experience;
  expected result: category C
• TC4: 65-year-old, registered woman with 4 years of experience;
  expected result: category D

Which of the following test cases, when added to the existing set of test cases, will increase the decision table coverage?a) 66-year-old, unregistered man with no experience; expected result: category B
b) 55-year-old, unregistered woman with 2 years of experience; expected result: category A
c) 19-year-old, registered woman with 5 years of experience; expected result: category D
d) No additional test case can increase the already achieved decision table coverage

Select ONE option.

81. What is a common feature of techniques such as equivalence partitioning, state transition testing, or decision tables?a) Using these techniques, test conditions are derived based on information about the internal structure of the software under test.
b) To provide test data for test cases designed based on these techniques, the tester should analyze the source code.
c) Coverage in these techniques is measured as the ratio of tested source code elements (e.g., statements) to all such elements identified in the code.
d) Test cases designed with these techniques can detect discrepancies between requirements and their actual implementation.

Choose one answer.

82. You test a system whose lifecycle is modeled by the state transition diagram shown below. The system starts in the INIT state and ends its operation in the OFF state.

What is the MINIMAL number of test cases to achieve valid transitions coverage?a) 4
b) 2
c) 7
d) 3

Select ONE option.

83. You run two test cases, T1 and T2, on the same code. Test T1 achieved 40% statement coverage and test T2 achieved 65% statement coverage.

Which of the following sentences must be necessarily true?a) The test suite composed with tests T1 and T2 achieves 105% statement coverage
b) There exists at least one statement that must have been executed by both T1 and T2
c) At least 5% of the statements in the code under test are non-executable
d) The test suite composed of tests T1 and T2 achieves full branch coverage

Select ONE option.

84. You have been given the following conditions and results from those condition combinations. Given this information, using the decision table technique, what is the minimum number of test cases you would need to test these conditions?a. 7
b. 13
c. 15
d. 18

Select ONE option.

85. You are creating test cases for the following story, applying the ATDD approach.

As a hotel owner
I want to reserve all the rooms on a floor before moving to the next floor
So I can maximize the efficiency of the housekeeping staff

You have decided to apply equivalence partitioning to this requirement and have identified the following partitions for the occupancy of a floor:

0 | 1 - floor full | overbooked

You also want to be sure that the software is usable by the staff and that it performs quickly in determining which floors have availability.

Given this information, what should be the priority order for the tests you will design?a) 0, 1-floor full, overbooked, usability, performance
b) Performance, 1-floor full, usability, overbooked, 0
c) Usability, performance, overbooked, 0, 1-floor full
d) Overbooked, 0, 1-floor full, performance, usability

Select ONE option.

86. You are testing a scale system that determines shipping rates for a regional web-based auto parts distributor. Due to regulations, shipments cannot exceed 100 lbs. You want to include boundary value analysis as part of your black-box test design.

How many tests will you need to execute to achieve 100% two-value boundary value analysis?a. 4
b. 8
c. 10
d. 12

Select ONE option.